LANGUAGE TOOLS THAT CREATE MEANING DIVERSITY IN ARTISTIC SPEECH

Abstract

In the vocabulary of the modern Azerbaijani language, words are divided into groups according to their meaning. One of such groups consists of words that have meanings opposite to each other. This is the group of antonyms, including verbs with different aspectual meanings and differing in the degree of contradiction. Being complete and relative, they occupy an important place in the lexico-semantic system of the Azerbaijani language. The emergence, development and formation of antonyms in the language are connected with the contradictory character of the objects, events and actions of the material world to which they belong. Semantic contradictions are expressed in words as opposites. That is precisely why they act as the main factor in the formation of antonyms. The experience of the social life of people also plays a role here. In their lives people comprehend the features and qualities of the objects and events of the material world and distinguish them from one another. The concepts expressed by antonyms are connected with the labour activity of a person, the way of life, the spiritual world and his attitude to the surrounding world. This group of words serves the more precise and emotional expression of thoughts. That is why antonyms play a great role in proverbs and wise sayings. Some antonyms play an important role in the formation of compound words. These group words are also contrastive. For example, friend-enemy, white-black, cold-hot, summer-winter, etc. The stylistic shades and features created by antonyms in artistic language are quite numerous. Since antonyms express opposition, through them a clear idea is created of the positive and negative sides of a sign and a quality. One of the stylistic features of antonyms is that they arouse in a person enthusiasm, emotional feeling, artistic and aesthetic taste. Antonyms play a great role in the description of an image and a theme and in the most effective expression of ideas. Antithesis arises in artistic language through antonyms. The phenomenon of antithesis plays an important role in revealing the character of the depicted subject. At its centre is contrast. Thanks to this, a special stylistic effect is imparted in artistic language, and both antonym and antithesis are created by means of words with opposite meanings. This commonality is applicable to both of them. The presented article gives brief information about the role of antonyms in the lexico-semantic system of the Azerbaijani language, as well as explanations of selected examples from oral folk literature.