PAXTA LINTI ASOSIDA BIOPARCHALANUVCHI CHOKLANGAN POLIMER GIDROGELLARNI SINTEZ QILISH, XOSSALARINI O‘RGANISH VA QISHLOQ XO‘JALIGIDA QO‘LLASH
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Abstract
Suv tanqisligi va sug‘orish rejimining beqarorligi, ayniqsa qurg‘oqchil va yarim qurg‘oqchil hududlarda, qishloq xo‘jaligi ishlab chiqarishining barqaror rivojlanishini cheklovchi asosiy omillardan biri hisoblanadi. Ushbu tadqiqotda paxta linti asosida bioparchalanuvchi gidrogellar qisman neytrallangan akril kislota asosida erkin radikal mexanizm orqali choklangan polimer gidrogel sifatida sintez qilindi. Initsiator sifatida ammoniy persulfat, ko‘ndalang bog‘lovchi modda sifatida esa N,N′-metilenbisakrilamid qo‘llanilib, uch o‘lchamli polimer tarmoq hosil qilindi.
Sintez qilingan gidrogellarning fizik-kimyoviy xossalari kompleks tarzda o‘rganildi. Tadqiqot natijalari gidrogellarning distillangan suvda 450–800 g/g, sho‘r muhitda esa 120–250 g/g gacha suv yutish qobiliyatiga ega ekanligini ko‘rsatdi. Gel fraksiyasi va ko‘ndalang bog‘lanish darajasi barqaror polimer tarmoq hosil bo‘lganligini tasdiqladi. Tuproq sharoitida olib borilgan bioparchalanish sinovlari natijasida gidrogellarning 180 kun davomida 70–85 % gacha parchalanishi aniqlandi.
Qishloq xo‘jaligi sharoitida o‘tkazilgan vegetatsion tajribalar gidrogellarni tuproqqa 1,0–2,0 g/kg miqdorda qo‘llash tuproq namligini saqlash darajasini sezilarli oshirishini va sug‘orish kamaytirilgan sharoitda o‘simlik biomassa hosil bo‘lishini 25–30 % ga yaxshilashini ko‘rsatdi. Olingan natijalar paxta linti asosidagi bioparchalanuvchi gidrogellar suvdan samarali foydalanish va hosildorlikni oshirish uchun ekologik xavfsiz, iqtisodiy jihatdan maqsadga muvofiq va istiqbolli material ekanligini tasdiqlaydi.
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