The effect of sowing dates and seeding rates of triticale on plant growth and yield in areas prone to water scarcity

Abstract

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of sowing dates, seeding rates, and cultivation technology of the autumn triticale varieties “Svat” and “Tit” under the soil and climatic conditions of the Navoi region. The study examines plant growth and development, viability, productivity, and quality indicators of the yield. In addition, data obtained on optimal sowing dates and seeding rates of autumn triticale seeds are thoroughly analyzed. Since triticale is a hybrid of wheat and rye, it is considered a crop with higher adaptability compared to both wheat and rye. The protein content of the grain ranges from 12–13%, while straw contains 10–12% protein. The crop is widely used as feed for livestock, and its grain is utilized in the production of bread and animal feed. However, the quality of bread products made from triticale grain is lower than that of wheat flour. Depending on soil and climatic conditions, grain yield ranges from 45–65 centners per hectare, while green biomass yield amounts to 340–450 centners per hectare. To achieve high yields, it is essential that fields are kept free from weeds and various diseases, and that mineral fertilizers are applied in a timely manner and at scientifically recommended rates.