ОРОЛБЎЙИ ҲУДУДЛАРИДА КРОТАЛАРИЯ (CROTALARIA JUNCEA) ЎСИМЛИГИНИ ПАРВАРИШЛАШНИНГ САМАРАДОРЛИГИ

Abstract

This article sets out the processes of desertification and degradation in the Aral Sea regions, the increase in salinization and salt residues as a result of the sharp reduction of water resources, and, as a solution to these problems, the role of the drought- and salt-tolerant tropical plant crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea L.) in reducing salt residues, as well as the way in which sowing crotalaria on degraded, saline lands contributes to increasing the density of the plant cover, to the accumulation of moisture in the soil and to the ecosystem of desert pastures. It was established that when crotalaria seed was treated with the Geogumat stimulator at sowing and foliar feeding was applied with NPK-20 % complex fertilizer at a rate of 1.5 kg per hectare in the budding and flowering phases of the growing period, in the plough layers, among the mobile forms of nutrients, the amount of nitrate nitrogen increased by 1.31 mg/kg in comparison with the beginning of the season, mobile phosphorus by 1.28 mg/kg and exchangeable potassium by 12.0 mg/kg; the salt content of the soil decreased in the 0–30 cm soil layer to a total salt content of 0.283 %, the CaSO4, NaSO4, NaCl, MgSO4 and MgCl2 salts in the soil to 0.008–0.010 %, the dry residue to 0.598 and the sum of the components to 0.583 %, whereby the degree of salinity changed from strongly saline to moderately saline. As a result of the positive influence of crotalaria cultivation on soil properties, an average green-mass yield of 117.6–127.6 centners per hectare was obtained over 2 years, and it was scientifically substantiated that when the fertilizer rate is raised from 1.0 kg to 1.5 kg per hectare an additional green-mass yield of 2.5–10.0 centners per hectare is produced, and when the Geogumat stimulator is applied an additional 1.8–4.2 centners per hectare.