ОСОБЕННОСТИ ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКИ КЛИНИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЯВЛЕНИЙ ЭНЦЕФАЛИТОВ, ЭНЦЕФАЛОМИЕЛИТОВ И РАССЕЯННОГО ЭНЦЕФАЛОМИЕЛИТА У ДЕТЕЙ

Abstract

This article presents an in-depth analysis of the differential diagnostic criteria for inflammatory and demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system in the paediatric population. The etiological factors, the immunological mechanisms of development and the specific clinical patterns of infectious encephalitis, acute encephalomyelitis (AEM) and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) are considered. Particular attention is paid to neuroimaging characteristics (MRI in T1, T2, FLAIR and DWI modes) and to the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. The authors emphasise the importance of early verification of the diagnosis in order to prevent disability and to choose between an antiviral strategy and immunosuppression.