СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТИ ДЕРМАТОВЕНЕРОЛОГИЧЕСКИМИ БОЛЕЗНЯМИ В УСЛОВИЯХ МИГРАЦИОННЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ

Abstract

Relevance. Dermatovenerological diseases remain one of the most widespread groups of pathologies exerting a significant influence on the quality of life and social adaptation of patients. Under conditions of intensifying migration processes, the structure of morbidity, the clinical manifestations and the timeliness of diagnosis of skin and venereal diseases change, which increases the risk of complicated forms and hampers the organization of specialized medical care. Aim. To assess modern trends in morbidity and the structure of dermatovenerological diseases under conditions of migration, and also to identify the factors associated with late diagnosis and a complicated course. Materials and methods. An observational analytical study with retrospective and prospective components was carried out. The data of 150 patients with dermatological and venereological diseases were analysed, of whom 30 constituted the group of migrants and 120 the group of permanent residents of the region. The structure of morbidity, the frequency of infectious and non-infectious dermatoses and of sexually transmitted infections, the time of seeking care, and the prevalence of self-medication and of late diagnosis were assessed. Methods of descriptive and comparative statistics were used; differences were considered significant at p < 0.05. Results. In patients with migrant status, infectious dermatoses and sexually transmitted infections, including combined and complicated forms, were identified significantly more often. In this group a higher frequency of late presentation for medical care and of self-medication was noted, which was accompanied by an atypical clinical course, the need for extended laboratory examination and an increase in the duration of therapy. Chronic non-infectious inflammatory dermatoses predominated in the permanent residents of the region. Conclusion. Migrant status is a significant factor influencing the structure of dermatovenerological morbidity and the timeliness of diagnosis. The data obtained substantiate the need to optimize dermatovenerological care under conditions of high migration mobility of the population, with an emphasis on early detection, prevention and the accessibility of specialized medical care.