THE MAIN RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CARIES IN SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN: ETIOLOGY, CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES
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This scientific and theoretical article comprehensively describes the main risk factors, etiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations and preventive approaches to the development of dental caries in school-age children. It is substantiated that the process of caries formation is closely connected with the anatomical structure of the dental tissues, the mineral composition of the enamel and the biological features of the environment of the oral cavity. The article analyses, on the basis of scientific sources, the influence of the characteristics of the diet, hygiene habits, disturbance of fluorine balance, traumatic effects and social factors on the development of caries. The types of caries encountered at school age, their clinical course and their complications are also described from a theoretical point of view. Preventive measures are systematised on the basis of individual, group and collective approaches. On the basis of statistical analyses, the global trends in the prevalence of caries and the relative share of the risk factors are shown. The article serves as a theoretical foundation for improving scientific research and preventive programmes in the field of dentistry.
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