INFLAMMATION OF THE TRIGEMINAL NERVE: CLINICAL PRESENTATION, ETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT METHODS

Abstract

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a chronic painful nerve disease that arises as a result of damage to the trigeminal nerve and is expressed in suddenly beginning and extremely severe pain in the region of the face. This condition is especially common in women over 50 years of age, but it may be observed at any age, even in children. The pain most often occurs on one side of the face and, although it is short-lasting, it recurs frequently. TN is divided into three main types: classical (vascular pressure), secondary (as a result of other diseases) and idiopathic (without a clear cause). Diagnosis is carried out by means of MRI and neurological examinations. In treatment, anticonvulsant medicines such as carbamazepine and gabapentin play the main role. In cases where medicines do not help, surgical methods such as microvascular decompression, rhizotomy and stereotactic radiosurgery are used. As additional treatment, yoga, acupuncture, biofeedback and vitamin B12 therapy may be beneficial. The scientific research being conducted on trigeminal neuralgia is directed towards a deep understanding of the mechanisms of neuropathic pain and the development of new methods of treatment. This information makes it possible to understand TN better and to select effective treatment strategies.