Research Focus International Scientific Journal
The "Research Focus" International Scientific Journal is published by "Ilm-fan va innovatsiyalar akademiyasi" LLC (Academy of Science and Innovations LLC, TIN 309782477), a limited liability company registered on 09.08.2022 under number №1171253. The journal itself is registered as a mass media outlet by the Agency of Information and Mass Communications under the Administration of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on 16.08.2022 under number №1701. Articles are accepted in Uzbek, Russian, and English. The journal is published monthly. Partner conferences of the Research Focus International Scientific Journal are listed on the website: https://refocus-conferences.uz/ Journal Telegram channel: t.me/Research_Focus To submit an article: @ReFocus_Admin, @Research_Focus_bot Tel: +998945160550 Email: ReFocusJournal@gmail.com Upon acceptance, authors receive an acceptance letter, a certificate, and an electronic copy of their article.
LLC Ilm-fan va innovatsiyalar akademiyasi
DEVELOPING MORAL SELF-AWARENESS IN ADOLESCENCE: A PROGRAM-BASED THEORETICAL MODEL
This article analyzes the development of moral self-awareness in adolescence and proposes a program-based theoretical model for its formation in educational and counselling contexts. Adolescence is a sensitive developmental stage in which self-evaluation, identity search, emotional instability, peer influence, and value testing become especially intensive. Under these conditions, moral development should be understood not as passive acceptance of rules but as the progressive formation of an inner ethical position. The paper conceptualizes moral self-awareness as a multicomponent construct that includes cognitive, emotional, reflective, communicative, and behavioral dimensions. Drawing on the author’s publications and related CIS and international research, the article argues that effective developmental programs must combine self-reflection, ethical reasoning, empathy-building exercises, guided discussion, psychological support, and situation-based training. The article presents the structure of such a program, identifies the pedagogical and psychological conditions of its success, and explains why moral self-awareness should be cultivated through active participation rather than lecture-based moralization. The conclusion is that adolescence-oriented programs are most effective when they integrate moral dialogue, reflective techniques, group interaction, and individualized counselling support within a culturally meaningful educational environment [1; 2; 3; 4].
INCREASING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF COMPRESSOR AND FAN ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS UNDER VARIABLE TECHNOLOGICAL MODES
This article examines modern methods for increasing the energy efficiency of electromechanical systems with compressors and fans operating under various technological conditions. The influence of variable load, transient processes, partial load modes, and downtime on the energy characteristics of induction electric drives was analyzed. Special attention is paid to reducing energy losses through the use of frequency-controlled drive, adaptive control algorithms, and intelligent control methods. Modern approaches to dynamic modeling of ventilation systems and control of compressor units to achieve energy efficiency are examined. It has been shown that the use of operating mode optimization systems and adjustable electric drives can reduce energy consumption by 20–40 percent, and sometimes even ensure higher energy savings. Recommendations for increasing the efficiency of electromechanical systems under variable technological conditions have been developed based on the analysis of recent scientific research.
DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ELECTRICITY MARKET AND GRID INFRASTRUCTURE
This article examines possible future energy scenarios for the period up to 2030 in the short, medium and long term, and provides detailed information on the current state of the renewable energy sector.
INVESTIGATION OF LONG-WAVELENGTH INFRARED RADIATION DETECTION MECHANISMS IN A GAS-DISCHARGE SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTOGRAPHIC IONIZATION CAMERA
Physical processes in gas-discharge cells with semiconductor electrodes were investigated theoretically and experimentally. Plasma contacts were found to enhance the stability of gas-discharge luminescence. A semiconductor photographic ionization camera with an additional damping cascade enabled object detection in the infrared range of 0.38–11 μm and beyond. The experimental results were in good agreement with theoretical calculations.
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE BANKING SERVICES MARKET IN AGRICULTURE
This article discusses the theoretical foundations of banking services and analyzes banking services and operations. The article develops scientific and practical recommendations based on analysis.
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF VOCAL TELEVISION SHOWS IN MODERN POP MUSIC CULTURE
This article provides a broad and in-depth analysis of vocal television shows as an important phenomenon in modern popular music culture. Special attention is paid to their artistic-dramaturgical and social characteristics. The study examines the interaction of vocal performance and visual components, the competitive structure of television formats, and their role in intercultural communication. Vocal television shows are evaluated not only as entertainment projects but also as an important platform for developing, popularizing, and professionally promoting vocal art in modern mass media.
NEW MECHANISMS FOR SUPPORTING YOUTH ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN UZBEKISTAN: ANALYSIS OF 2025 PRESIDENTIAL DECREES
This article analyzes the new opportunities for developing youth entrepreneurship and ensuring their employment provided by the Decrees of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 14, 2025, No. 60, 61, and 62. The decrees envision mechanisms such as state targeted funds, preferential credits, venture investments, special programs for higher education graduates, and digital platforms. Expected outcomes include the employment of over 50 thousand young people, coverage of 350 thousand youths in programs, and the creation of 100 thousand additional jobs. The analysis holds scientific and practical significance, highlighting the enhancement of youth’s role in the national economy.
DETERMINATION OF TOTAL PROTEIN CONTENT IN THE AERIAL PART OF PHLOMOIDES KIRGHISORUM USING THE KJELDAHL METHOD
In this study, the total protein content of the aerial parts of Phlomoides kirghisorum was determined using the Kjeldahl method. The plant material was collected during the vegetation period and dried under natural conditions. During the analysis, the total nitrogen content of the sample was determined, and the total protein content was calculated using a conversion factor of 6.38. The results showed that the nitrogen content of the plant material was 2.44%, while the total protein content was 15.57%. The obtained results indicate that Phlomoides kirghisorum is relatively rich in protein compounds. The determined protein content is an important indicator for evaluating the biological and pharmacological value of this plant species. The findings support the importance of comprehensive studies of medicinal plants and provide a scientific basis for their potential application in pharmaceutical and phytotherapeutic practices.
COVERAGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL TOPICS IN PRINT MEDIA (THE EXPERIENCE OF UZBEKISTAN)
This article examines the characteristics of coverage of environmental issues through print media (newspapers and magazines) in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The study analyzes how current important environmental topics in Uzbekistan are presented in print mass media. The work includes a content and normative analysis of journal and newspaper materials from 2020 to 2024. According to the results, environmental topics occupy a problematic place in Uzbek print publications, and specialized publications in this field are insufficient. The article provides recommendations aimed at increasing ecological literacy and public awareness.
COVERAGE OF ECOLOGICAL TOPICS IN WEB PUBLICATIONS (THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF DIGITAL JOURNALISM AND ONLINE MEDIA PLATFORMS)
This article examines the coverage of ecological topics in web publications and on online media platforms. The development of digital journalism has opened new opportunities in the dissemination of environmental information. The findings show that websites, social networks and digital platforms play an important role in raising ecological literacy. In the Uzbek context, online media is a developing sphere in covering environmental issues; state bodies and public organisations actively use it to disseminate ecological information. The article analyses ecojournalism, digital communication strategies, the importance of social media and the rational use of web platforms.
STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF JARGON IN THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
This article provides a comparative analysis of the structural and semantic characteristics of jargon in the English and Uzbek languages. It explores the methods of jargon formation, their functional roles in speech, and their connection with social factors. The results of the study help to determine the place of jargon within the lexical systems of the two languages.
ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENTS OF KARAKALPAKSTAN AND PROSPECTS FOR ENSURING THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL ACCESSIBILITY
Karakalpakstan is rich in minerals, with huge deposits of gas, iron, kaolin clays, Glauber salts, marble, and granite. The state economy is based on agriculture, including cotton growing, rice growing, the production of melons, vegetables, and licorice, as well as industrial Karakul breeding and industries represented by energy, metalworking, food, and textile production.
ARCHITECTURAL AND DESIGN ISSUES ENSURING SAFE EVACUATION FROM BUILDINGS IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS: A CASE-STUDY RESEARCH
This article examines architectural and design issues aimed at ensuring safe evacuation from public buildings in emergency situations. The study is based on the results of three empirical case studies conducted by A. Sagun, C. J. Anumba, and D. Bouchlaghem, as well as an analysis of foreign scientific sources published on the topic. The article discusses the impact of building geometry, capacity, circulation routes, compartmentalization, exit-choice behavior, alarm systems, and orientation systems on safety. The results are summarized as practical recommendations for architectural practice in Uzbekistan.
INTEGRATION OF GREEN ARCHITECTURE PRINCIPLES INTO MULTIFUNCTIONAL RESIDENTIAL COMPLEXES: SOLVING DESIGN TASKS AND APPLICATION IN THE DESIGN OF PHTHISIOLOGY AND PULMONOLOGY HOSPITALS
In the context of intensive urbanization and climate change, the importance of integrating green architecture principles into multifunctional residential complexes is growing. At the same time, creating a safe and therapeutic environment in specialized medical institutions— phthisiology and pulmonology hospitals—is particularly important, where high levels of infection control, air quality, and the creation of a healing environment for patients with respiratory diseases are key requirements.The aim of the study is to identify the key design challenges and objectives in integrating green architecture principles into multifunctional residential complexes and to develop recommendations for their adaptation for the design of modern phthisiology and pulmonology hospitals. Research methods include a systematic analysis of scientific literature, regulatory documents, and international experience, a comparative method, and a graphical analysis of design solutions. Particular attention is paid to biophilic design techniques, natural ventilation, green facades and roofs, and energy-efficient technologies. The study identified key contradictions and limitations in integrating green solutions into multifunctional complexes and proposed architectural planning, engineering, and landscape design approaches to overcome them. It was demonstrated that many effective green practices proven in residential construction (microclimate improvement, passive ventilation, biophilic elements) can be successfully adapted to the specific needs of healthcare facilities, taking into account infection safety requirements. The findings confirm the high potential for transferring green architectural solutions between residential and healthcare design. The practical significance of this work lies in the development of recommendations that can be used by architects and designers in creating sustainable multifunctional residential complexes and modern specialized hospitals, particularly in the arid climate of Central Asia.
PROTEINS OF THE HARD AND SOFT TISSUES OF THE TOOTH
This article analyses the main proteins found in the hard (enamel, dentin, cementum) and soft (pulp) tissues of the tooth, their structure, biological functions and clinical significance. The important role of dental tissue proteins in regulating the mineralisation process, ensuring mechanical strength and performing protective functions is substantiated. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, the role of enamel proteins (amelogenin, enamelin), dentin proteins (collagen and matrix proteins) and pulp proteins in regeneration and the immune response is highlighted. The obtained results show that these proteins are of significant importance for use as biomarkers in dentistry and for the development of regenerative treatment methods.
OPTIMIZATION OF TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH THERMAL INHALATION INJURY AND ITS IMPACT ON BURN DISEASE OUTCOMES
Thermal inhalation injury (TII) is one of the most severe components of burn disease, significantly worsening its course and prognosis. This paper presents an analysis of clinical, laboratory, and endoscopic data from 144 patients with TII. The causes of unsatisfactory results of traditional treatment are examined and the effectiveness of improved therapeutic methods is assessed. It has been established that the use of a comprehensive treatment approach, including sanitizing fiberoptic bronchoscopy, optimized infusion therapy, and respiratory support, reduces the incidence of complications and mortality. A differentiated treatment strategy based on the severity of airway damage is a key factor in improving treatment outcomes.
MODERN APPROACHES TO DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH RESPIRATORY TRACT BURNS
Respiratory tract burns remain one of the most complex and pressing issues in clinical burn medicine, significantly worsening the course of burn disease and increasing mortality. This paper presents the results of an analysis of the diagnosis and treatment of patients with respiratory tract burns based on clinical, laboratory, and endoscopic examination methods. It has been established that fiberoptic bronchoscopy combined with cytological examination of bronchoalveolar fluid is the most informative method for diagnosing respiratory tract damage. The developed approach to assessing the severity of damage allows for the optimization of treatment strategies and improved patient outcomes.
VITAMIN D LEVEL IN COMPLEX ADMINISTRATION OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN CHILDREN
Purpose of study: to evaluate the clinical efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in the complex treatment of bronchial asthma in children. Materials and methods: the study involved 60 children with bronchial asthma. Of these, 13 (21.6%) had a severe persistent form of asthma (group I), 33 (55%) had a moderate form (group II), and 14 (23%) children were observed with a mild persistent form (group III). One of the criteria for participation in the study was the absence of conditions requiring intensive care. The control group consisted of 50 children with moderate acute obstructive bronchitis and no history of allergic diseases. Informed parental consent was obtained for all study participants. The level of the metabolite 25(OH)D in the blood of children was used to analyse vitamin D status. Results and discussion: the concentration of vitamin D (25(OH)D) in the blood serum was assessed before and after treatment using an enzyme immunoassay. According to the recommendations of the US Institute of Medicine, a 25(OH)D level below 20 ng/ml indicates deficiency and 21–30 ng/ml indicates insufficiency. Conclusions: the combination of basic therapy and vitamin D has demonstrated effectiveness, reducing the risk of asthma exacerbations. The inclusion of vitamin D in complex treatment has a positive effect on the course of the disease and its dynamics, which helps to improve treatment and prevention measures.
VITAMIN D LEVEL AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH CYTOKINE LEVEL IN BRONCHO-OBSTRUCTIVE SYNDROME IN CHILDREN
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D on the course of broncho-obstructive syndrome in children and to determine its relationship with cytokine status. The study involved 86 patients aged 3 to 15 years with acute obstructive bronchitis, recurrent obstructive bronchitis and bronchial asthma. The patients underwent a single set of diagnostic studies: clinical examination, immunological examination, and a study of vitamin D levels in blood serum. The results of the study showed that vitamin D deficiency was accompanied by the development of secondary immune deficiency.
RESPIRATORY TRACT BURN AS A FACTOR IN THE SEVERITY OF BURN DISEASE: DIAGNOSIS, PATHOGENESIS AND CLINICAL COURSE
Respiratory tract burns are one of the most significant factors determining the severity and outcome of burn disease. This study presents an analysis of clinical, functional, and morphological changes in the respiratory system in 144 patients with respiratory tract damage secondary to burn injury. The pathogenesis, clinical course, and diagnostic capabilities of modern research methods are examined. Respiratory tract damage is associated with significant ventilation and gas exchange impairment, a high risk of infectious complications, and a significant increase in mortality. Comprehensive diagnostics using endoscopic and cytological methods enable timely detection of the extent of damage and prognosis of the disease.
ASSESSMENT OF SERUM LEVELS OF GONADOTROPINS AND TESTOSTERONE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LUNG PATHOLOGY
Pubertal development was assessed and serum hormonal status was studied in patients with chronic lung disease (CLD). The study included 140 children with CLD. The results revealed significant differences in the timing of the onset of pubertal changes, the intensity of secondary sexual characteristics (SSC) development, and functional disturbances in the pituitary- gonadal axis, characterized by increased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, decreased luteinizing hormone (LH), and decreased testosterone in boys with CLD. In girls with CLD, FSH levels were not significantly elevated at the onset of puberty. LH levels were significantly lower throughout puberty, and estradiol levels were significantly lower in older age groups. Thus, CLD negatively impacts the sexual development of children, necessitating the development of specific practical measures in this area.
THE EFFECT OF MINERAL FERTILIZER ON THE YIELD OF THE “S-01” COTTON VARIETY UNDER MEADOW-GRAY SOIL CONDITIONS
The article investigates the cultivation of cotton under meadow-gray soil conditions of farms specialized in cotton production in the Navoi region, focusing on the application of potassium fertilizer at a rate of 120 kg/ha (K2O) against the background of N-250 and P-175 kg/ha. The study demonstrates that potassium fertilizer creates the most favorable nutritional environment for the growth and development of the “S-01” cotton variety. Under the given conditions, it ensures the possibility of obtaining a high and high-quality cotton yield.
PLANT DENSITY OF “ULTRA” AND “FLESH” WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES
This article examines the formation of plant density in winter wheat and the resistance of plants to winter cold based on field experiments conducted during 2024–2025. During the study, plant density before winter and in early spring, as well as the proportion of plants damaged by winter frost, were determined. According to the results, pre-winter plant density ranged from 451.4 to 471.4 thousand plants/m², while the early spring indicator varied between 401.4 and 455.8 thousand plants/m². The level of plant mortality caused by winter cold varied from 8.8% to 52.7% depending on the experimental variants and years.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF WATER RESOURCE DYNAMICS IN THE SOUTH ARAL SEA REGION FOR 2000–2025
This article focuses on the numerical analysis of water resource dynamics in the Aral Sea region, mainly in its southern part, for the period 2000–2025, based on the methodology of working with global models and remote sensing data.
CLINICAL INDICATORS OF DYSPEPSIA IN CALVES
This article examines the main clinical signs of dyspepsia in calves, the causes of the disease, and the mechanisms of its development. The study analyzed the main symptoms observed in calves with dyspepsia, including fever, diarrhea, dehydration, general weakness, and decreased feed intake. Furthermore, in severe forms of the disease, significant clinical changes were identified, such as the appearance of blood and mucus in the stool, as well as electrolyte imbalances.
EFFECT OF INNOPROVET PROBIOTIC ON THE ORGANISM OF CHICKENS VACCINATED AGAINST LOW-PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA
The article provides information on the study of effective immunoprophylaxis against avian influenza disease through vaccination with the low-pathogenic avian influenza vaccine Gallimune H9+ND in Loman Brown chickens raised in industrial poultry farms and private farms, together with the use of the Innoprovet probiotic. After vaccination and application of Innoprovet, blood samples were taken from all chickens on days 7 and 14, and their immune status was assessed using the HI test (hemagglutination inhibition reaction). In the experimental groups, a significant increase in antihemagglutinin (antibody) titers was found compared to the control group. Stable and high maintenance of antibody titers on the 14th day of the study showed that chickens developed strong and long-lasting immunity. It was also found that live weight gain in the experimental group was consistently higher than in the control group.
EFFECTS OF FENSID AND FENSID PREMIX ON HEMATOLOGICAL BLOOD PARAMETERS IN CHICKENS WITH MIXED EIMERIOSIS AND COLIBACILLOSIS
This scientific article investigates the effects of Fensid and Fensid Premix on hematological blood parameters in chickens under conditions of mixed eimeriosis and colibacillosis. The study was conducted on ROSS 308 broiler chicks, and the dynamics of erythrocytes, leukocytes, hemoglobin, and thrombocytes were analyzed.
CHANGES IN CLINICAL-PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BLOOD MORPHOBIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF BROILER CHICKS
This article analyzes the clinical and physiological indicators of broiler chicks by age. Changes in morphological and biochemical parameters of blood, body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, live weight gain and height growth in broiler chicks depending on the developmental stages in poultry farming conditions were studied. The results of the study are of great importance for effective broiler care, development of optimal feeding systems, and prevention of diseases.
MAIN FEED MYCOTOXICOSES IN LIVESTOCK FARMING AND METHODS FOR THEIR DETECTION
The article analyzes mycotoxicosis occurring in livestock farming as a result of feed contamination with mycotoxins. It describes the acute and chronic forms of the disease, clinical signs, pathoanatomical changes, diagnostic methods, as well as treatment and prevention measures. Additionally, information on modern laboratory methods for detecting mycotoxins is provided.
DYNAMICS OF ANTIBACTERIAL DRUG RESIDUES IN POULTRY MEAT AND EGGS
This article examines the distribution of antibacterial drugs in the organism of poultry, their metabolism, and the dynamics of their residual levels in meat and egg products. Antibacterial drugs play an important role in protecting poultry from bacterial diseases. However, their improper or excessive use may negatively affect food safety. The article also analyzes the factors contributing to the formation of antibiotic residues and the methods used for their control.
EVALUATION OF CLINICAL AND ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PATHOLOGICAL FEATURES AT AN AUTOPSY FOR INTERNAL NON- COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN ANIMALS
This article examines the unique clinical and anatomical manifestations and pathological findings of farm animals affected by internal non-communicable diseases. Despite the diversity of etiological factors, pathological changes in a number of non-communicable diseases can be similar. However, differences between individual cases are manifested only in the severity of the developing pathological process, its area, and the extent of the lesion.
SHEEP DICTYOCAULOSIS AND ITS CONTROL MEASURES
This article analyzes the prevalence of dictyocaulosis in sheep, its epizootic characteristics, and the effectiveness of control measures against the disease. According to the literature, the disease is widely distributed worldwide, with infection rates ranging from 18.7% to 75.5%, while in the Republic it has previously been reported to reach up to 65.5%. At the same time, the current epizootic status of the disease, patterns of its distribution across different regions, as well as the efficacy of anthelmintic drugs and the level of resistance, remain insufficiently studied. Under conditions of climate change and the intensification of livestock production, this problem is becoming increasingly relevant. Consequently, the need to develop environmentally safe, economically efficient, and scientifically grounded treatment and preventive measures against dictyocaulosis is substantiated.
PESTICIDES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON ANIMAL ORGANISMS (LITERATURE REVIEW)
This article, based on literature data, summarizes and examines the types of pesticides, their mechanisms of action, routes of penetration into the body, methods of application, their safe use in agriculture, animal husbandry and veterinary medicine, food safety, as well as problems arising from the improper use of pesticides.
ORNITHOBACTERIOSIS: A PROBLEM IN THE POULTRY INDUSTRY?
This article examines the topic “Uo‘K: 619.616.989.2.75 Ornitobakterioz – Parrandachilik Sanoatida Muammomi?” from a scientific and methodological perspective. The theoretical foundations, practical significance and relevant aspects of the study are analysed.
IMPROVING THE MECHANISMS OF INDIVIDUALIZING THE EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING PROCESS OF YOUNG NATIONAL WRESTLERS AT THE INITIAL STAGES OF TRAINING
This article discusses the improvement of mechanisms for individualizing the educational and training process of young national wrestlers at the initial stages of training. The study analyses effective methods of organizing training sessions by considering athletes’ age, physical fitness, psychological condition, and individual abilities. In addition, the importance of modern pedagogical technologies, differentiated approaches, and individual planning in the coach’s pedagogical activity is highlighted. As a result, methodological recommendations aimed at improving the physical development, technical-tactical skills, and moral education of young wrestlers have been developed.
BASIC PHYSICAL QUALITIES IN WRESTLING AND METHODS OF THEIR DEVELOPMENT
This work examines the development of key physical qualities important in wrestling, such as strength, speed, endurance, agility, and flexibility. It briefly analyzes the main training methods used to develop and improve these qualities, as well as their impact on sports performance. The study includes recommendations aimed at improving the physical fitness of wrestlers.
IMPROVING THE METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING THE PHYSICAL QUALITIES OF 14–15-YEAR-OLD VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS
This article examines the improvement of physical training methods for 14–15- year-old volleyball players. It analyzes age-related physiological and psychological characteristics, identifies key physical qualities required in volleyball, and discusses effective training methods and organization of the training process. The study emphasizes the importance of a systematic and scientifically grounded approach to enhance athletic performance and overall development.
THE ROLE OF SPIRITUAL AND CULTURAL VALUES IN THE EDUCATION OF YOUTH
This article discusses the harmonious development of the concepts of spirituality and spiritual education. It analyzes the need to pay special attention to spiritual education in the development of the Third Renaissance in our country. In this process, opinions, suggestions and conclusions are presented about the importance of forming moral qualities in the mind of each person.
THE SOCIO-PEDAGOGICAL ESSENCE OF CIVIC COMPETENCE
This article clarifies the structure of civic competence based on the concepts of “civic competence” and “civic sense”. The key aspects and functions of civic competence are also explained.
IMPROVING CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS OF FUTURE FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHERS IN THE DIGITAL EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT: DIAGNOSTICS, CRITERIA, AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
This article presents the methodology, results, and scientific-practical conclusions of a large-scale experimental study conducted to improve the critical thinking skills of future foreign language teachers in a digital educational environment. The CTDF (Critical Thinking Development Framework) model was tested in a quasi-experimental study involving 463 students from 6 higher education institutions of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The results showed that the students in the experimental group demonstrated a statistically significant increase in critical thinking skills across all five criteria (p < 0.001; Cohen d = 1.47–1.68).
THE ROLE OF NATIONAL VALUES IN INCREASING ECOLOGICAL AWARENESS AND RESPONSIBILITY AMONG YOUTH
The article presents reflections on the role of national values in raising environmental awareness and responsibility among young people. It also analyzes the regulation of ecological balance in Uzbekistan, important aspects that young people need to understand, and its impact on the development of the country.
METHODS FOR ASSESSING THE GENERAL PSYCHOLOGICAL STATE OF ATHLETES BEFORE COMPETITIONS
This article analyzes the methods for assessing the general psychological state of athletes before competitions from both theoretical and practical perspectives. It highlights psychodiagnostic techniques used to evaluate psychological readiness, stress resistance, motivation, and emotional stability. Furthermore, it presents approaches to optimizing the training process based on diagnostic results in order to improve athletic performance.
INTERNATIONAL ASSESSMENT SYSTEMS: PIRLS EXPERIENCE AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE
This article analyzes the essence, methodological foundations, and specific features of international assessment programs — PIRLS and ePIRLS, which are vital components of the modern educational system. The study details the cognitive processes, text types, and task levels used to assess the reading literacy of primary school students. Particular emphasis is placed on the differences between the ePIRLS system, which develops information processing skills in a digital environment, and traditional assessment methods. Based on statistical data, the article substantiates the factors influencing student success, including the role of the home environment and parental involvement. The study concludes with practical recommendations for aligning the national education system with international standards and enhancing students' analytical thinking skills.
PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF DEVELOPING ENGLISH READING COMPETENCE IN 5TH–6TH GRADE STUDENTS
This article discusses the psychophysiological characteristics of 5th–6th grade students and their importance in the formation of reading competence in a foreign language. It also analyzes the methodological foundations of developing text comprehension and analysis skills in accordance with the requirements of international PISA and PIRLS studies. This article examines the fundamental psychophysiological and pedagogical-psychological foundations of developing English reading competence in 5th–6th grade students in the modern educational paradigm. The relevance of the study is determined by the integration of the Uzbek education system with the requirements of international assessment programs, in particular, PIRLS, which measures literacy at the junction of primary and secondary education, and PISA, which focuses on functional literacy. The article analyzes the stages of cognitive development of 11–12-year-old students - the period of transition from concrete thinking to abstract-logical observation. The author interprets the reading process as a complex cognitive activity, not just decoding (letter and sound correspondence). The research highlights the role of psychological concepts such as the "zone of proximal development", "metacognitive monitoring" and "scaffolding" in the formation of students' skills in interpreting the text, analyzing the author's position and transferring information to a real-life context. The practical part of the article puts forward methodological recommendations on increasing students' motivation to read in English lessons, overcoming psychological barriers such as "fear of not understanding" (reading anxiety), and using the possibilities of visualization and associative memory when working with text. In conclusion, it is proven that the systematic development of reading competence is the main factor in bringing not only the student's linguistic wealth, but also his intellectual potential and critical thinking level to international standards.
PEDAGOGICAL ANALYSIS OF IMPROVING THE HEALTHY LIFESTYLE AND PHYSICAL CULTURE OF STUDENTS IN GENERAL EDUCATION SCHOOLS
The article presents a pedagogical analysis of improving the healthy lifestyle and physical culture of students in general education schools. It widely covers young people’s attitude toward the formation of a healthy lifestyle, ways of organizing pedagogical technology- based classes, and their methods.
SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF THE USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AND PLATFORMS IN THE STUDY OF NATIONAL SPIRITUAL HERITAGE
This article discusses the specific aspects of using digital technologies and platforms in the study of national spiritual heritage. The article analyzes the correct implementation of electronic educational resources based on digital technologies in the development of our country, as well as the systematic and interactive acquisition of knowledge about national spiritual heritage through electronic textbooks, multimedia textbooks, virtual libraries and online platforms.
ECOLOGICAL BALANCE AND ITS ROLE IN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
This article presents views on ecological balance and its role in social development. It also analyzes the regulation of ecological balance in Uzbekistan, important aspects that young people need to understand, and its impact on the country’s development.
STUDY OF THE PHYSICAL AND FUNCTIONAL CONDITION OF MIDDLE- DISTANCE RUNNERS
This article identifies the dynamics of functional development in high-level middle-distance runners within both control and experimental groups. Particular focus is placed on presenting the data obtained through specialized testing protocols during the research process. The pedagogical results analyze the differences in physical capacity indicators between the groups at the conclusion of the study, followed by the formulation of evidence-based conclusions.
TRADITIONS AND INNOVATIVE APPROACHES IN NATIONAL SPORTS GAMES AND ART
This article examines the topic “Milliy Sport O‘Yinlari Hamda San’Atda An’Analar Va Innovatsion Yondashuvlar” from a scientific and methodological perspective. The theoretical foundations, practical significance and relevant aspects of the study are analysed.
IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMUNICATIVE-LEADERSHIP FUNCTIONS OF
This article provides a scientific and theoretical analysis of the processes of implementing the communicative-leadership functions of higher education institution leaders, their main areas of activity, management forms and psychological factors. The study highlights the role of communicative leadership in strategic management, motivation, teamwork, decision- making and the organization of effective communication. It also reveals the distinctive features of democratic, authoritarian and liberal leadership styles and their practical effectiveness in the education system. The role of psychological-pedagogical approaches, teamwork and innovative management mechanisms in developing the communicative competencies of higher education institution leaders is substantiated.
THE INTERRELATIONSHIP OF PHYSICAL QUALITIES OF YOUNG VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS
The importance of physical qualities in training young volleyball players is discussed. The specific physical qualities of different sports differ from one another. The interrelationship of the physical qualities of volleyball players is also covered.
WHY DO STUDENTS FEEL TIRED EVEN AFTER SLEEPING? PSYCHOLOGICAL CAUSES OF MENTAL FATIGUE IN ADOLESCENTS
This study explores why students feel tired even after getting enough sleep. The research was conducted with 20 students using a questionnaire and one-week screen time observation. The results show that phone use, stress, and overthinking are the main causes of fatigue rather than lack of sleep. These findings suggest that improving sleep habits and reducing screen time can help increase students’ energy and academic performance.