METHODS FOR IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF SOLAR POWER PLANTS

Abstract

The efficiency of a solar power plant is not determined solely by the module efficiency stated on its datasheet. Annual energy yield is simultaneously affected by the solar resource, module temperature, soiling, shading, row spacing, MPPT and inverter operation, cable losses, the presence of trackers, grid constraints, and the quality of maintenance. This article presents, in accessible language but with engineering rigor, methods such as high-efficiency modules, optimal tilt and azimuth, single-axis trackers, bifacial panels, passive thermal management, condition-based cleaning, electrical circuit optimization, and predictive maintenance using SCADA and artificial intelligence. In the context of Uzbekistan's solar potential, a calculation scenario for a 100 MWp plant is also provided, showing the balance between energy gain, CAPEX/OPEX, and uncertainty.