Research Focus International Scientific Journal
“Research Focus” ilmiy jurnali davriy nashrlar chiqarish bo'yicha mas'uliyati cheklangan jamiyat sifatida 09.08.2022 sanada №1171253 raqami bilan davlat ro'yxatdan o'tgan. Ommaviy axborot vositasi sifatida O'zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti Administratsiyasi huzuridagi Axborot va ommaviy kommunikatsiyalar agentligi tomonidan 16.08.2022 sanada №1701 raqam bilan ro'yxatga olingan. Maqolalar o'zbek, rus va ingliz tillarida qabul qilinadi. Jurnal telegram kanali: t.me/Research_Focus Maqola muallifiga qabul qilinganlik haqida qabul xati, sertifikat va maqolaning elektron varianti beriladi. Research Focus Xalqaro ilmiy jurnalining hamkor konferentsiyalari https://refocus-conferences.uz/ saytiga joylab boriladi. Jurnal har oyda nashr qilinadi. Maqola yuborish uchun: @ReFocus_Admin, @Research_Focus_bot Tel: +998945160550 ReFocusJournal@gmail.com
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INTEGRATION TECHNOLOGY OF METACOGNITIVE STRATEGIES INTO DIGITAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS FOR TEACHING PROFESSIONAL ENGLISH TO LOGISTICS STUDENTS
This study examines the theoretical and practical foundations of integrating metacognitive strategies into a digital learning environment for teaching Professional English to logistics students. In the context of international academic mobility and digital transformation, logistics specialists require not only linguistic knowledge but also strategic thinking, reflective analysis, and self-regulated learning skills. The research analyzes the theoretical basis of metacognitive approaches, the concept of self-regulated learning, digital pedagogy principles, and the features of professional discourse through an integrative perspective. Experimental results indicate that systematic implementation of metacognitive strategies in a digital environment significantly enhances logistics students’ professional English communicative competence.
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MA’NAVIY TARBIYANI YUKSALISHIDA TA’LIM VA TARBIYANI UYGʻUN OLIB BORISHNING AHAMIYATI
Mazkur maqolada ma’naviyat va ma’naviy tarbiya tushunchalarini uygʻun holda yuksaltirish borasida soʻz yuritilgan. Mamlakatimiz taraqqiyotida Uchinchi Renessans poydevorini barpo etishda ma’naviy tarbiyaga alohida e’tibor qaratish lozimligi tahlil etilgan. Bu jarayonda axloqiy fazilatlarni har bir shaxsning ongida shakllantirishning ahamiyati haqida fikr-mulohazalar, taklif va xulosalar keltirilgan.
ONA TILI TA’LIMIDA FONETIKA MAVZUSINI O‘QITISHDA INNOVATSION METODLARDAN FOYDALANISH
Ushbu maqolada pedagogika institutlarida Boshlang‘ich ta’lim yo‘nalishida tahsil oluvchi birinchi bosqich talabalariga “Ona tili” fanidan amaliy darsni tashkil etish bo‘yicha metodik tavsiya berilgan. O‘quv topshiriqlarini farqlash, xususan, savol, topshiriq va mashqdan to‘g‘ri foydalanish bo‘yicha ko‘rsatma berilgan. Fonetika va fonologiyani farqlash va nutq apparatini yaxshiroq tushunishga yo‘naltiruvchi mashq va topshiriqlar, bilimlarni mustahkamlash uchun test topshiriqlari keltirilgan.
YOSH GANDBOLCHILARNI TEXNIK USULLARGA O‘RGATISH VA ULARNI NAZORAT QILISH
Ushbu maqolada yosh gandbolchilarni texnik usullarga o‘rgatish jarayonini takomillashtirish hamda ularning texnik tayyorgarlik darajasini pedagogik nazorat asosida baholash masalalari yoritilgan. Tadqiqot jarayonida gandbolchilarning texnik harakatlarni o‘zlashtirish darajasi tadqiqotdan oldin va keyin maxsus testlar yordamida aniqlangan. Mashg‘ulot jarayonida tavsiya etilgan mashqlar majmuasining samaradorligi matematik-statistik tahlil asosida baholandi. Olingan natijalar yosh gandbolchilarning texnik tayyorgarlik ko‘rsatkichlari sezilarli darajada yaxshilanganini ko‘rsatdi. Tadqiqot natijalari o‘quv-mashg‘ulot jarayonini rejalashtirish va texnik tayyorgarlikni nazorat qilishda amaliy ahamiyatga ega.
DEVELOPING METHODOLOGICAL COMPETENCE OF PRE-SERVICE EFL TEACHERS THROUGH A DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY–BASED STEP-BY-STEP TRAINING MODEL: AN INTEGRATIVE-DIDACTIC APPROACH
This study examines the effectiveness of a digital technology–based, step-by-step training model designed to develop methodological competence among pre-service EFL teachers in a digital pedagogical environment. The model integrates diagnostic monitoring, multimodal learning resources, virtual lesson design, microteaching with video analysis, and reflective assessment through e-portfolios and learning analytics. A quasi-experimental design was employed with an experimental group receiving the intervention and a comparison group following conventional methodology instruction. Data were collected through (a) a methodological competence rubric aligned with motivational-value, cognitive-practical, reflective-analytic, and communicative-collaborative components; (b) pre/post diagnostic tests; (c) e-portfolio evidence; (d) learning analytics indicators; and (e) peer/self-assessment protocols. Results (illustrative) indicate statistically meaningful gains in the experimental group across cognitive-practical performance, reflective decision-making, and collaborative digital engagement compared with the comparison group. The findings suggest that the proposed model functions as a coherent integrative-didactic mechanism supporting iterative competence development, consistent with constructivism, reflective practice, and digital pedagogy frameworks. Implications for designing research-oriented digital methodology courses and mentoring systems are discussed.
FEATURES OF PREPARING NURSING STUDENTS FOR SPECIALTY EXAMS Ismailova Umida Djuramuradovna
Preparation of nursing students for specialty examinations represents a critical stage in professional formation and certification within contemporary healthcare systems. Specialty exams evaluate not only theoretical knowledge but also clinical reasoning, ethical competence, practical skills, and psychological readiness. This paper analyzes the pedagogical, psychological, and organizational features of preparing nursing students for specialty examinations in the context of competency-based medical education. Drawing upon recent research in nursing education, assessment theory, and professional standards (2010–2025), the study identifies core preparation components: integration of theoretical knowledge with clinical simulation, structured skills training, formative assessment, reflective practice, and stress-management strategies. Particular attention is paid to the alignment between curriculum outcomes and exam standards, the role of objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE), and digital learning technologies. The findings suggest that systematic, competency-oriented preparation enhances exam performance, professional identity formation, and readiness for independent clinical practice. The article proposes a multidimensional preparation model that integrates cognitive, practical, ethical, and emotional domains, contributing to improved quality of nursing education and patient care outcomes.
PEDAGOGICAL FEATURES OF ADVANCED TRAINING OF SECONDARY MEDICAL WORKERS
In the rapidly evolving healthcare environment, the advanced training of secondary medical workers (nurses, feldshers, medical assistants, laboratory technologists, midwives, and emergency technicians) has become critically important. Pedagogical features of such training include the integration of contemporary educational technologies, competency-based learning, continuous professional development (CPD), simulation-based approaches, reflective practice, and clinical mentorship. This article provides a theoretical synthesis of contemporary pedagogical strategies and their relevance to improving professional performance among secondary medical workers. Drawing on research from Uzbek, CIS, and international scholars, the study highlights the educational frameworks, challenges, and best practices for structuring advanced training programs. The findings indicate that learner-centered pedagogy, blended learning, and lifelong learning models contribute to competency enhancement, professional adaptability, and improved patient outcomes. The article concludes with recommendations for institutional policy, curriculum design, and faculty development.
OLIY TA’LIMDA MA’NAN YETUK MUTAXASSIS KARDLARNI TAYYORLASH VA UNING MUHIM JIHATLARI
Mazkur maqolada oliy ta’lim tizimida yetuk mutaxassis kadrlarni tayyorlash borasida amalga oshirilayotgan islohotlar, yangilanishlar va uning istiqbollari haqida fikr-mulohazalar yuritilgan.
O‘ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI IIV OLIY TA’LIM MUASSASALARIDA KURSANTLARNING JISMONIY TAYYORGARLIGI ORQALI SOG‘LIQNI MUHOFAZA QILISH VA KASBIY KASALLIKLAR PROFILAKTIKASINI TA’MINLASH
Maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Ichki ishlar vazirligi tizimidagi oliy ta’lim muassasalarida tahsil olayotgan kursantlar uchun jismoniy tayyorgarlik mashg‘ulotlarini tashkil etish masalalari yoritilgan. Tadqiqotda jismoniy tayyorgarlikning ahamiyati faqat xizmat faoliyati uchun zarur bo‘lgan jismoniy sifatlarni rivojlantirish bilangina cheklanmasdan, balki kursantlarda sog‘lom turmush tarzini shakllantirish, kasbiy faoliyat jarayonida yuzaga keladigan kasalliklarning oldini olish ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirish bilan ham chambarchas bog‘liqligi asoslab berilgan.
IIV AKADEMIYASI KURSANTLARI UCHUN “JISMONIY VA JANGOVAR TAYYORGARLIK” FANIDA QO‘L JANGI MASHG‘ULOTLARINI TASHKIL ETISH
Mazkur maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Ichki ishlar vazirligi ta’lim muassasalarida “Jismoniy va jangovar tayyorgarlik” fani doirasida tahsil olayotgan kursantlar uchun qo‘l jangi mashg‘ulotlarini tashkil etish masalalari yoritilgan. Mashg‘ulotlar jarayonida murakkab vazifalar “jangovar vaziyat” sharoitlariga yaqinlashtirilgan holda, haqiqiy jang modellarida taqdim etilishi orqali kursantlarning texnik-taktik harakatlarining samaradorligini baholash imkoniyatlari ko‘rib chiqilgan. O‘yin va o‘quv topshiriqlari asosida tashkil etilgan mashg‘ulotlar kursantlarning tezkor qaror qabul qilish, vaziyatni baholash va raqibga nisbatan samarali qarshi harakatlarni amalga oshirish ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirishga xizmat qilishi asoslab berilgan.
JISMONIY MASHQLAR HAMDA TO‘G‘RI OVQATLANISH ORQALI AYOLLAR QOMATINI SAQLASH VA SALOMATLIGINI MUSTAHKAMLASH
Ayollar salomatligi jamiyat oldida turgan muhim siyosiy masalalardan biriga aylanib ulgurdi. Chunki, ayol jamiyatning tayanchi, ertangi kun egalarini dunyoga keltiruvchi, ularni tarbiyalovchi insondir. Ayollar salomatligini asrash va mustahkamlash, qolaversa, sog‘lom turmush tarzi sari yetaklash zamonaviy texnologiyalar davrida jamiyatdagi muhim muammolaridan biriga aylangan. Ularni muvozanatli ovqatlanish va jismoniy mashqlar yordamida ayollar qomatini chiroyli shakllantirish va sog‘lom turmush tarziga o‘rgatish asosiy maqsadlarimizdan biridir.
GIMNASTIKA VA AEROBIKA VOSITALARI ORQALI SOG‘LOMLASHTIRISH MASHG‘ULOTLARINI MOBIL ILOVALAR ORQALI JORIY ETISH
Mazkur maqolada gimnastika va aerobika vositalari asosida sog‘lomlashtirish mashg‘ulotlarini mobil ilovalar orqali joriy etishning pedagogik va innovatsion jihatlari yoritilgan. Tadqiqot jarayonida mobil ilovalardan foydalanish jismoniy faollikni oshirish, mashg‘ulotlarga bo‘lgan motivatsiyani kuchaytirish hamda sog‘lom turmush tarzini shakllantirishda samarali vosita ekanligi aniqlandi. Tajriba-sinov natijalari mobil ilovalar asosida tashkil etilgan mashg‘ulotlar ishtirokchilarning umumiy jismoniy holati va mashg‘ulotlar samaradorligini yaxshilaganini ko‘rsatdi.
MA’NAN YETUK DAVLAT FUQAROLIK XIZMATCHILARINI TAYYORLASHDA ZAMONAVIY TEXNOLOGIYALARNING O‘RNI
Maqolada davlat fuqarolik xizmati samaradorligini oshirishda zamonaviy texnologiyalar va islohotlarga oid fikr-mulohazalar keltirilgan. Shuningdek, O‘zbekistonda davlat boshqaruvi organlarining isloh etilishi davlat xizmatchilarining boshqaruv mahoratlarini oshirish, shuningdek, ularni tanlash, tayyorlashni takomillashtirishga oid tahlillar keltirilgan.
OILA VA MAKTAB HAMKORLIGIDA GENDER MADANIYATNI RIVOJLANTIRISH OMILLARINI KO‘RIB CHIQISH
Mazkur maqolada oila va maktab hamkorligi asosida boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarida gender madaniyatini shakllantirishning nazariy va amaliy jihatlari tahlil qilinadi. Gender tengligi tamoyillarini ta’lim jarayoniga integratsiya qilish, ota-onalarning pedagogik savodxonligini oshirish hamda maktab muhitida gender sezgir yondashuvni joriy etish masalalari yoritilgan.
TEACHING NURSING ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
Nursing ethics and professional conduct are foundational components of quality healthcare delivery. Teaching these principles effectively ensures that nursing professionals uphold human dignity, patient rights, and standards of clinical practice. This article explores theoretical foundations and pedagogical approaches to nursing ethics education, including its role in shaping professional identity, moral sensitivity, ethical decision-making, and patient-centered care. Drawing on research from Uzbek, CIS, and international scholars, the article synthesizes key theories, models, curricular strategies, and outcomes of ethics education in nursing. It discusses barriers to effective teaching, the role of clinical practice, and the integration of cultural competence. Using a systematic literature review method, the study evaluates recent developments (2010–2025) in ethics pedagogy for nurses. Findings suggest that ethics education enhances moral reasoning, professional accountability, and patient advocacy. The article concludes with recommendations for curriculum design, faculty development, and institutional support to strengthen ethical competence in nursing education.
THE IMPACT OF SELF-AWARENESS ON THE MEDICAL HEALTH OF YOUNG PEOPLE
The present article investigates the impact of self-awareness on the medical health of young people. In contemporary psychology and medicine, self-awareness has emerged as a critical personal factor influencing health outcomes, preventive behaviors, mental well-being, and lifestyle choices among adolescents and young adults. Drawing on theoretical foundations from Uzbek, CIS, and international research conducted between 2010 and 2025, this article synthesizes empirical findings and conceptual models that explain the pathways linking self-awareness to physical and psychological health. Considering self-awareness as a multidimensional construct, including emotional, cognitive, and behavioral components, the article reviews research evidence on how higher self-awareness predicts better self-care, healthier habits, lower risk behaviors, enhanced stress management, and higher compliance with medical recommendations. Methodologically, this theoretical study employs a systematic literature analysis of key scientific contributions in psychology, medicine, and health sciences. Results demonstrate that self-aware young people maintain healthier lifestyles, show resilience to stress, and exhibit lower incidence of maladaptive behaviors. Analysis indicates that self-awareness functions as a protective factor against risky behaviors, and the discussion addresses implications for clinical practice, preventive health interventions, and educational programming. The article concludes with recommendations for integrated health promotion policies that foster self-awareness among youth.
VOLEYBOLCHILARNING UMUMIY VA MAXSUS JISMONIY TAYYORGARLIGI
Ushbu maqolada voleybolchilarning umumiy va maxsus jismoniy tayyorgarligi masalalari tahlil qilingan. Muallif ushbu maqolada sport mashg‘ulotlarining zamonaviy tizimida jismoniy tayyorgarlikning ahamiyatiga alohida e’tibor qaratadi.
THE CONNECTION BETWEEN MORAL REASONING AND ANXIETY DISORDERS IN YOUTH
This article examines the complex interrelations between moral reasoning and anxiety disorders in youth, situating the discussion within developmental, cognitive-affective, and psychosocial frameworks. Adolescence represents a formative period during which moral cognition and emotional regulation mature concurrently, influenced by social contexts, neural development, and psychopathological vulnerabilities. This paper synthesizes evidence from moral development theory (Kohlberg, Piaget), affective neuroscience, and clinical research on anxiety disorders among adolescents, with a special focus on mechanisms linking moral judgment, stress responses, self-evaluation, and maladaptive anxiety. Empirical findings suggest that higher level moral reasoning can buffer emotional distress under normative social pressures but may also exacerbate anxiety in contexts of moral conflict, social evaluation, or perceived moral failure. Implications for early intervention, educational policy, and future research directions are discussed.
8–10 YOSHLI GIMNASTIKACHILARNING JISMONIY SIFATLARINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH AHAMIYATI
Ushbu maqolada 8–10 yoshli gimnastikachilarning jismoniy sifatlarini takomillashtirishda individual ta'lim rejasi asosida mashq qilgan gimnastikachilar kuch, chidamlilik, tezlik va moslashuvchanlik kabi jismoniy sifatlarni ancha samarali rivojlantirganlari yoritilgan. Ushbu tadqiqot yosh gimnastikachilar uchun ta'lim jarayonida individual yondashuvning ahamiyatini amaliyotda qo‘llash imkoniyatlarini kengaytiradi.
ЎСМИР СПОРТЧИЛАРНИ ЖИСМОНИЙ СИФАТЛАРИНИ РИВОЖЛАНИШ ДАРАЖАСИНИ АНИҚЛАШ БЎЙИЧА НАЗОРАТ
Мақолада, енгил атлетикачиларнинг кўп йиллик тайёргарлик даврида машғулотлар жараёнини такомиллаштириш орқали 10-16 ёшли ўсмирларнинг жисмоний сифатларини ривожлантиришда қўлланиладиган восита ва усуллари бўйича маълумотлар келтирилган.
MECHANISMS OF CURRENT FLOW IN IODINE-DOPED POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE
The mechanisms of current flow in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) doped with molecular iodine were investigated. Analysis of the current-voltage characteristics revealed a sequential change in conductivity modes with increasing voltage: ohmic mode, space-limited current mode (SCLC), and trap-limited current mode (TCLC). It was established that these modes are associated with the formation of polyiodide complexes in the polymer matrix, which create trap states of varying depths in the band gap between the HOMO and LUMO levels. The obtained results demonstrate a fundamental difference between the charge-transport mechanisms in iodine-doped PMMA and classical band transport in crystalline silicon.
MEHNAT BOZORINI RIVOJLANTIRISHDA INNOVATSIYALARDAN FOYDALANISHNING TASHKILIY-IQTISODIY ASOSLARI
Ushbu maqolada raqamli iqtisodiyot sharoitida mehnat bozorini rivojlantirishda innovatsiyalardan foydalanishning tashkiliy-iqtisodiy asoslari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot 2022-2025-yillar kesimida rasmiy statistik ma’lumotlar, normativ-huquqiy hujjatlar va ilmiy adabiyotlar asosida analitik sharh hamda qiyosiy tahlil usullarida olib borildi. Natijada O‘zbekistonda mehnat bozorining innovatsion transformatsiyasiga ta’sir etuvchi asosiy omillar, malaka bo‘shlig‘i, migratsiya qaramligi, hududiy nomutanosiblik va institutsional muammolar tizimlashtirildi. Muallif tomonidan AI asosidagi prognozlash platformasi, dual ta’lim klasterlari, migrantlar uchun qayta tayyorlash dasturi hamda texnoparklarda ish bilan ta’minlash akseleratorlarini joriy etishga oid tashkiliy-iqtisodiy mexanizm taklif qilindi.
THE ROLE OF THE MEDIA IN SHAPING CHILDREN’S VIEWS OF FATHERS
The mass media—comprising television, film, social media, advertising, and digital platforms—plays a significant role in shaping children’s perceptions of social roles, including conceptions of fatherhood. This article explores how media influences children’s views of fathers, drawing from social learning theory, cultivation theory, and developmental psychology. Media representations can either reinforce traditional stereotypes or provide diverse models of fatherhood, affecting children’s understanding of gender roles, emotional expression, and family responsibilities. The study synthesizes findings from theoretical and empirical literature to identify common themes in media portrayals of fathers and analyzes the potential developmental outcomes of these portrayals for children. Findings suggest that while media often portrays fathers in stereotypical ways—either as absent, comically inept, or secondary caregivers—positive depictions of engaged, nurturing fathers are increasing. These portrayals significantly impact children’s internalization of fathering norms and expectations. The article concludes with suggestions for media producers, educators, and parents to promote more balanced and diverse representations of fatherhood that support healthy social and emotional development in children.
МОДУЛЬНЫЕ ПЛАНИРОВОЧНЫЕ РЕШЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ГИБКОСТИ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗНЫХ И ПУЛЬМОНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ БОЛЬНИЦ И ДИСПАНСЕРОВ ПРИМЕНИТЕЛЬНО К УСЛОВИЯМ УЗБЕКИСТАНА
В статье рассматриваются модульные планировочные решения как инструмент повышения гибкости эксплуатации специализированных медицинских учреждений фтизиатрического и пульмонологического профиля в условиях Узбекистана. Анализируется текущее состояние туберкулезных больниц и диспансеров, предлагаются принципы модульного проектирования, учитывающие сейсмическую активность, климатические особенности и эпидемиологическую ситуацию. Обосновывается эффективность таких решений для быстрой адаптации к различным сценариям, включая эпидемии и сезонные всплески респираторных заболеваний. Приводятся примеры реализации и экономический анализ.
БИОФИЛЬНЫЙ ДИЗАЙН КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ТЕРАПЕВТИЧЕСКОГО ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ: ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ ПРИРОДНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ (АТРИУМЫ, ЗИМНИЕ САДЫ, ФИТОСТЕНЫ, СВЕТОВЫЕ КОЛОДЦЫ) В ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННУЮ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЮ ФТИЗИАТРИЧЕСКИХ СТАЦИОНАРОВ И ДИСПАНСЕРОВ
Статья посвящена применению биофильного дизайна как инновационного инструмента для усиления терапевтического воздействия в медицинских учреждениях, специализирующихся на лечении туберкулеза (фтизиатрических стационарах и диспансерах). Автор рассматривает интеграцию природных элементов — таких как атриумы, зимние сады, фитостены и световые колодцы — в пространственную организацию зданий с целью улучшения психоэмоционального состояния пациентов, снижения стресса и ускорения выздоровления. На основе анализа научных исследований и практических примеров демонстрируется, как эти элементы способствуют созданию гармоничной среды, имитирующей естественную природу, что особенно актуально в условиях длительного пребывания в закрытых помещениях. Предлагаются рекомендации по проектированию и внедрению биофильных решений с учетом санитарно-гигиенических норм и специфики фтизиатрии. Статья подчеркивает потенциал биофильного дизайна в повышении эффективности реабилитации и качества жизни пациентов.
XITOYNING XLZ-57 G‘O‘ZA NAVINING EKISH SXEMALARINI UNING O‘SISHI, RIVOJLANISHI VA HOSILDORLIGIGA TA’SIRI
Navoiy ilmiy tajriba stansiyasida 76 × 10 sm sxemada yakka qator usulida ekilgan g‘o‘za o‘simliklarida o‘rtacha bo‘yi 83 sm, ko‘saklar soni 15-18 donani, bitta ko‘sak vazni 5,8 g ni tola chiqimi 41,5% ni, tola uzunligi 31 mm ni tashkil etdi. Ushbu variantda o‘simliklar zichligi yuqori bo‘lgani sababli, ayrim hollarda vegetativ organlarning rivojlanishi nisbatan sustlashgani kuzatildi. Qo‘sh qator (76 × 10 sm) shinjon usulida ekilgan variantda o‘simliklar yorug‘lik va oziqa moddalari bilan yaxshiroq ta’minlandi. Natijada o‘simlik bo‘yi 90 sm ga yetdi, ko‘saklar soni 10-12 donani hamda bitta ko‘sak vazni 5,4 g ni chiqimi 40,5% ni, tola uzunligi 30 mm ni tashkil etdi. Ushbu variantda hosildorlik nazorat variantiga nisbatan 23 s/ga yuqori bo‘ldi. Mazkur tadqiqotda XLZ-57 navini 76×10 sxemada qo‘shqator shinjon usulida va 76×10 sxemada yakka qator qilib ekishning o‘simliklarning o‘sishi, rivojlanishi hamda hosildorlikka ta’siri o‘rganildi. Tajriba natijalariga ko‘ra, ekish usullarining o‘simlik bo‘yi, barglar soni, hosil elementlari va yakuniy hosildorlikka ta’siri aniqlanib, eng samarali ekish usuli tavsiya etildi.
G‘O‘ZA DURAGAYLARINING QIMMATLI XO’JALIK BELGILARINI SELEKSION BEKKROSS YO’LI BILAN YAXSHILASH
Navoiy ilmiy-tajriba stansiyasida “Bacillus thuringiensis” (Bt) texnologiyasini tadbiq etish orqali ko’sak qurtiga va glifosatga bardoshlilik genini mahalliy g‘o‘za navlariga o‘tkazish imkoniyatlarini oshirish maqsadida Xitoyning XLZ-52 g‘o‘za navini янги mahalliy “S-01, Sharofat, SP-0655, SP-03, Sulton, S-6577, S-6601, S-8292, SP-0656, SP-04 va Buxoro-8” g‘o‘za navlari bilan o‘zaro chatishtirib olingan F1 duragaylarda bekkross chatishtirish ishlari olib borildi. Ko‘sak qurtiga bardoshlilikning qo‘shaloq Bt genlari (CRY1AC va CRY2AB) va gerbitsidga bardoshlilikning (4EPSPS) genini mahalliy g‘o‘za navlariga o‘tkazish uchun xorijiy “XinLuZao-52” g‘o‘za navi jami 11 ta mahalliy navlar bilan chatishtirib olingan F1 duragaylarda o’tkazilgan bekkross chatishtirish natijalari, hosildorlik ko’rsatkichlari, qimmatli xo’jalik belgilarining samaradorligi o’rganildi. Natijalar XLZ-52 navining duragaylashdagi yuqori kombinativ qobiliyatga ega ekanligini va sifatli tola yetishtirishda istiqbolli genetik resurs sifatida qo‘llanishi mumkinligini ko‘rsatdi.
ОРОЛБЎЙИ ҲУДУДЛАРИДА КРОТАЛАРИЯ (CROTALARIA JUNCEA) ЎСИМЛИГИНИ ПАРВАРИШЛАШНИНГ САМАРАДОРЛИГИ
Ушбу мақолада Орол бўйи ҳудудларида саҳроланиш, деградaция жараёнлари, сув ресурсларининг кескин камайганлиги натижасида шўрланиш ва туз қолдиқларини кўпайиши ва бу муаммоларни ечими сифатида қурғоқчиликка ва шўрга чидамли тропик ўсимлик – кроталария (Crotalaria juncea L.) ни туз қолдиқларини камайтиришдаги роли ҳамда деградaцияга учраган, шўрланган ерларда кроталария экиш ўсимлик қопламаси зичлигини оширишига, тупроқда намлик тўпланишига ва чўл яйловлари экосистемасига ёрдам бериши баён қилинган. Кроталария уруғини экишда Геогумат стимулятори билан ишлов бериб, ўсув даврининг ғунчалаш ва гуллаш фазаларида NPK - 20% коплекс ўғит билан гектарига 1,5 кг меъёрда барг орқали озиқлантирилганда ҳайдов қатламларида озиқа моддаларнинг ҳаракатчан шаклларидан нитратли азот миқдори мавсум бошига нисбатан 1,31 мг/кг га; ҳаракатчан фосфор 1,28 мг/кг ва алмашинувчи калий миқдори 12,0 мг/кг га кўпайганлиги; тупроқ таркибидаги тузларининг миқдори 0-30 см тупроқ қатламида умумий тузлар миқдори 0,283 %, тупроқ таркибидаги CaSO4, NaSO4, NaCl, MgSO4, MgCl2 тузлари 0,008-0,010 %, қуруқ қолдиқ – 0,598; компонентлар йиғиндиси – 0,583% гача камайиб, шўрланиш даражаси кучли шўрлангандан ўртача шўрланганга ўзгарганлиги аниқланган. Кроталария парваришлашнинг тупроқ хоссаларига ижобий таъсири натижасида 2 йилда ўртача 117,6-127,6 ц/га кўк масса ҳосили олиниб, ўғит меъёри гектарига 1,0 кг дан 1,5 кг гача оширилганда 2,5-10,0 ц/га, Геогумат стимулятори қўлланганда эса 1,8-4,2 ц/га қўшимча кўк масса ҳосили етиштириш илмий асослаб берилган.
СОЗДАНИЕ СКОРОСПЕЛЫХ, ВИЛТОУСТОЙЧИВЫХ СОРТОВ ХЛОПЧАТНИКА ИММУНОХИМИЧЕСКИМ МЕТОДОМ
В статье изучены степень устойчивости к вилту при инокуляции растений более вирулентными штаммами грибов вертициллиума и фузариума у родительских форм, гибридов F2 и беккросс-гибридов F2B4, а также фоновые морфохозяйственные, физиолого-биохимические и молекулярные тесты для оценки генотипической вилтоустойчивости. Определены ингибиторы протеиназ у родительских форм и гибридов F2, проведены иммунохимические анализы для выявления родства родительских форм и гибридов и их взаимосвязи с устойчивостью к вилту. В исследованиях изучены коллекционные сортообразцы зарубежной и отечественной селекции, а также дикие и рудеральные формы по вилтоустойчивости при инокуляции растения-хозяина более вирулентными штаммами гриба вертициллиума.
ISSIQLIK AKKUMULYATOR HARORAT REJIMINI MODELLASHTIRISH SISTEMASIDAN GELIOUYNI ISITISHDA FOYDALANISH
Maqolada suvli bak issiqlik akkumulyatorini balans tenglamasi asosida harorat rejimining (zaryadka va razryadka) matematik modeli ishlab chiqilgan. Matematik modelni ishlab chiqishda suvli bak akkumulyatorining turli hajmlari (40,60,80 va 120 m3) va turli suv sarflarini (2,4,10 va 15 m3/soat) hisobga olgan xolda harorat rejimining natijalari keltirilgan. Balans tenglamasini tuzishda quyosh energiyasi va biogaz qozon qurilmasidan keltirilgan issiqlik energiyalari hisobga olingan hamda suvli bak akkumulyatorining issiqlik saqlash samaradorligi hisoblangan.
РЕКУПЕРАТИВ ИССИҚЛИК УТИЛЛИЗАТОРИ БИЛАН ЖИҲОЗЛАНГАН ҚУЁШЛИ ҲАВО ҚИЗДИРГИЧИНИНГ ИССИҚЛИК БАЛАНСИ
Мақолада қуйи канал рекуператив иссиқликни ўзлаштиргич сифатида фойдаланилганда ясси икки каналли қуёш ҳаво қиздиргичининг иссиқлик баланси келтирилган. Рекуператив иссиқликни ўзлаштириш ҳисобига қуёш ҳаво қиздиргичининг иссиқлик унумдорлиги оширилади ва қуёш радиацияси бўлмаганда унинг «бекор туриши» бартараф этилади.
ABDULLA QODIRIYNING “O‘TKAN KUNLAR” ROMANIDA QO‘LLAGAN AYRIM SO‘ZLARNING LISONIY XUSUSIYATLARI
Mazkur maqolada Abdulla Qodiriyning “O‘tkan kunlar” romanida qo‘llangan o‘ziga xos so‘zlarni tahlil qilinadi. Asarda xalqning turmushi, urf-odati, kiyim-kechagi, marosimlari va so‘zlashuv uslubi orqali o‘zbek millatiga xos ruh mahorat bilan aks ettirilgan. Asarda milliylikni ifoda etuvchi so‘zlar davr muhitini, ijtimoiy va madaniy hayotni jonli tasvirlashga xizmat qilgan. Qodiriyning tarixiy leksika va xalqona iboralardan foydalanishi asarning badiiy qiymatini oshirgan. Ushbu til birliklari personajlar xarakterini ochishda va voqealarning tabiiyligini ta’minlashda muhim ahamiyatga ega. Umuman, roman leksikasi Qodiriy ijodining badiiy kuchini namoyon etadi.
ETHICAL DEVELOPMENT AND MEDICAL DECISION-MAKING SKILLS IN MID-CAREER MEDICAL STAFFT
This article examines the interrelated constructs of ethical development and medical decision-making skills in mid-career medical professionals. In modern healthcare systems, mid-career practitioners serve as crucial intermediaries between senior specialists and junior staff, making complex clinical decisions that require both professional judgment and ethical sensitivity. Ethical development influences the perception of moral problems, the internalization of professional values, and the ability to resolve ethical dilemmas. Meanwhile, decision-making skills determine how medical professionals synthesize clinical evidence, patient values, and situational factors when choosing optimal care paths. Drawing on theoretical literature from Uzbek, CIS, and foreign researchers published between 2010 and 2025, this article develops an integrated model that explains how ethical development shapes decision-making processes, and vice versa. The study highlights institutional, cultural, and educational factors affecting both competencies and offers recommendations for enhancing ethical professionalism and decision competence in healthcare organizations.
PATHOGENETICALLY BASED CONSERVATIVE THERAPY IN THE COMPLEX TREATMENT OF ACUTE ADHESIVE SMALL BOWEL OBSTRUCTION
Acute adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) remains one of the most common causes of emergency abdominal surgery and is characterized by a high risk of complications and recurrence. Conservative treatment is effective only in some patients, and the lack of a pathogenetic approach limits its results. This study utilized a diagnostic algorithm using clinical, laboratory, and instrumental criteria. The use of a comprehensive conservative approach was associated with favorable clinical outcomes and improved motor-evacuation function, as measured by laboratory, radiographic, and ultrasound examinations. Post-treatment duplex ultrasound imaging revealed statistically significantly higher Vmax and Vmin values ​​in patients with localized adhesions compared to those with widespread adhesions (p<0.001). This pathogenetically substantiated comprehensive conservative therapy is an effective component of OSTKO treatment and can be used to increase the rate of successful non-surgical resolution of the disease and optimize the choice of subsequent treatment.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE DIAGNOSTIC AND TREATMENT ALGORITHM FOR ACUTE ADHESIVE SMALL BOWEL OBSTRUCTION
Acute adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) remains one of the most common causes of emergency hospitalization in abdominal surgery and is characterized by a high risk of intestinal ischemia and postoperative complications. To evaluate the effectiveness of an optimized diagnostic and treatment algorithm in patients with ASBO. An analysis of treatment outcomes for patients with ASBO was conducted, including clinical assessment, laboratory parameters, instrumental methods (X-ray, ultrasound, CT as indicated), and dynamic observation during the first hours of hospitalization. Criteria for selecting a conservative approach and indications for early surgical intervention were developed. Application of the algorithm has improved the accuracy of early detection of complicated forms of obstruction, reduced the time to surgical decision-making, and reduced the incidence of postoperative complications. The optimized algorithm enables a rational choice of treatment tactics and contributes to improved clinical outcomes in patients with ASBO.
ON-DEMAND RELAPAROTOMY AND PROGRAMMED SANITIZATION IN THE TREATMENT OF WIDESPREAD PERITONITIS
The choice of tactics for repeat surgical interventions for disseminated peritonitis remains a subject of debate. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of on-demand relaparotomy and programmed debridement relaparotomies in patients with disseminated peritonitis. Clinical treatment outcomes, complication rates, and mortality were analyzed. It was found that an individualized approach using on-demand relaparotomy with dynamic clinical and laboratory monitoring reduces surgical trauma and the incidence of postoperative complications without increasing mortality.
TORAKOABDOMINAL JAROHATLARNI TASHXISLASH VA DAVOLASH TAKTIKASIGA ZAMONAVIY YONDASHUVLAR
Torakoabdominal jarohatlar – bu ko‘krak va qorin bo‘shlig‘i a’zolarining birgalikdagi shikastlanishi bo‘lib, bunda diafragma va diafragmaoldi a’zolari zararlanadi. Ushbu jarohatlar og‘ir klinik kechishi, diagnostik xatolar uchrashining yuqoriligi va o‘lim ko‘rsatkichining balandligi (ayrim turdagi shikastlanishlarda 90% gacha yetishi) bilan tavsiflanadi. Asosiy muammo operatsiyadan oldingi diagnostikaning samaradorligi pastligidadir: an’anaviy vizualizatsiya usullarining sezgirligi yetarli emas, bu esa diafragma nuqsonlarini kech aniqlashga va og‘ir asoratlar, jumladan, qisilgan diafragma churralari rivojlanishiga olib keladi. Xirurgik taktikada yagona yondashuv mavjud emas, aralashuv usulini tanlash esa ko‘pincha xirurgning subyektiv tajribasiga asoslanadi, bu taktik xatolar xavfini oshiradi. Zamonaviy tadqiqotlar xirurgik kirish yo‘lini oqilona tanlash va kam invaziv texnologiyalar – laparoskopiya va torakoskopiyani kengroq qo‘llash muhimligini ta’kidlamoqda. Ushbu usullar yuqori diagnostik ahamiyatga ega bo‘lib, bir vaqtning o‘zida davolash amaliyotlarini bajarish imkonini beradi. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi sog‘liqni saqlash tizimini isloh qilish jarayonida shoshilinch tibbiy yordamni rivojlantirish, klinikalarni jihozlash va kadrlar tayyorlashga alohida e’tibor qaratilmoqda, bu esa endovizual texnologiyalarni yanada kengroq joriy etish uchun zamin yaratadi. Mualliflar diagnostika va davolashning unifikatsiyalashgan (yagona) algoritmlarini ishlab chiqish zarurligini ta’kidlaydilar, bu asoratlar chastotasini kamaytirish va torakoabdominal jarohatlangan bemorlarda davolash natijalarini yaxshilash imkonini beradi.
OPERATSIYADAN KEYINGI BRONX-O‘PKA ASORATLARINI OLDINI OLISH TAMOYILLARIDA KO‘KRAK VA QORINNING QO‘SHMA JAROHATLARINI XIRURGIK TAKTIKASI
Ko‘krak qafasi va qorin bo‘shlig‘i organlarining qo‘shma jarohatlari travmatik shikastlanishlarning eng og‘ir shakllariga kiradi hamda yuqori o‘lim ko‘rsatkichi va operatsiyadan keyingi asoratlarning sezilarli darajada ko‘pligi bilan tavsiflanadi. Noxush oqibatlar tarkibida bronx-o‘pka asoratlari, jumladan atelektazlar, pnevmoniya, o‘tkir respirator distress-sindrom va O‘SVga (o‘pkaning sun’iy ventilyatsiyasi) bog‘liq gospital pnevmoniya yetakchi o‘rin tutadi. O‘lim holatlarining katta qismi jarohatlarning anatomik og‘irligi tufayli emas, balki taktik xatolar, diagnostik kechikishlar va nafas olish asoratlarining yetarli darajada profilaktika qilinmaganligi sababli yuzaga keladi. Ushbu sharhda qo‘shma torakoabdominal jarohatlarda bronx-o‘pka asoratlari shakllanishining patofiziologik mexanizmlari bo‘yicha zamonaviy qarashlar tahlil qilingan, nafas olish buzilishlarini oldini olish nuqtai nazaridan xirurgik taktika evolyutsiyasi va kirish yo‘lini tanlash masalalari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Diafragma jarohatlarining roliga, minimal invaziv texnologiyalarni joriy etishga, shuningdek, operatsiyadan keyingi davrning og‘irlashuvida asosiy omil sifatida O‘SVga bog‘liq gospital pnevmoniya muammosiga alohida e’tibor qaratilgan. Xirurgik va reanimatsion strategiyalarni integratsiya qilish hamda xavfni erta stratifikatsiya qilishga asoslangan bronx-o‘pka asoratlarini oldini olishning zamonaviy yondashuvlari taqdim etilgan.
COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF LAPAROSCOPIC AND OPEN ADHESIOLYSIS IN ACUTE ADHESIVE SMALL BOWEL OBSTRUCTION
Acute adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) is a leading cause of emergency abdominal surgery. The optimal approach (laparoscopic or laparotomic) remains controversial due to differences in the severity of adhesions, the risk of bowel injury, and the need for resection. To compare the immediate outcomes of laparoscopic and open adhesiolysis for ASBO. The surgical design, small bowel resection rate, need for conversion, postoperative complications, and clinical outcomes were assessed. In the study group, videolaparoscopic adhesiolysis was performed in 60.0% of patients, laparoscopic-assisted bowel resection was performed in 26.1%, and conversion to laparotomy was required in 13.9% of cases. In the control group, bowel resection was performed in 48% of patients. The obtained data confirm the effectiveness of laparoscopic technologies with strict patient selection. Laparoscopic adhesiolysis is a promising surgical treatment for OSTKO, reducing the morbidity of the procedure and improving postoperative recovery. However, it requires adherence to selection criteria and readiness for conversion in complicated forms of the disease.
“OPEN ABDOMEN” TACTICS FOR DISSEMINATED PERITONITIS: INDICATIONS, COMPLICATIONS, AND TREATMENT RESULTS
The open abdomen approach is used for the most severe forms of disseminated peritonitis, accompanied by abdominal sepsis and intra-abdominal hypertension syndrome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the indications, complication rates, and clinical efficacy of the open abdomen approach in patients with disseminated peritonitis. It was found that this approach is justified when the indications are strictly followed; however, it is associated with a high complication rate and requires an individualized approach and dynamic patient monitoring.
Mustafakulov Ishnazar Boynazarovich, Tokhirov Sheroz Mardonkulovich, Djuraeva Zilola Aramovna
KO‘KRAK QAFASI VA QORIN BO‘SHLIG‘I A’ZOLARINING QO‘SHMA JAROHATLARIDA BRONX-O‘PKA ASORATLARI: MUAMMONING ZAMONAVIY TAMOYILLARI
Ko‘krak va qorin bo‘shliqlarining qo‘shma jarohatlari shoshilinch xirurgiyadagi eng og‘ir shikastlanishlardan biri bo‘lib, o‘ta yuqori o‘lim ko‘rsatkichi bilan tavsiflanadi. O‘lim holatlarining sezilarli qismi bronx-o‘pka tizimiga ta’sir qiluvchi operatsiyadan keyingi asoratlar bilan bog‘liq. Ushbu sharhda mahalliy va xorijiy mualliflarning qo‘shma jarohatlar epidemiologiyasi, nafas olish buzilishlarini keltirib chiqaruvchi patofiziologik xususiyatlar, shuningdek, bunday bemorlarni davolashdagi muhim tashkiliy, diagnostik va taktik yondashuvlarga bag‘ishlangan so‘nggi tadqiqotlari tahlil qilingan va tizimlashtirilgan. Operatsion agressiyani pasaytirish va respirator asoratlarning oldini olishning istiqbolli usuli sifatida videotorakoskopiya va videolaparoskopiya kabi kam invaziv xirurgik texnologiyalarga alohida e’tibor qaratilgan. Shuningdek, unifikatsiyalangan (yagona) diagnostik algoritmlarni ishlab chiqish va bronx-o‘pka asoratlari rivojlanishining individual xavf omillarini hisobga olgan holda xirurgik strategiyani to‘g‘irlash zarurligi ta’kidlangan.
PREDICTION OF OUTCOMES AND CHOICE OF SURGICAL TACTICS IN DISSEMINATED PERITONITIS
Generalized peritonitis remains one of the most challenging problems in emergency abdominal surgery, associated with a high rate of postoperative complications and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of integrated severity scales and to develop a differentiated approach to choosing a surgical strategy in patients with generalized peritonitis. Treatment outcomes were analyzed using the Mannheim Peritonitis Index (MPI), APACHE II, and SOFA scores. A comprehensive severity assessment was found to enable objective selection of indications for closed, semi-open, and open laparotomy completion, reduce unnecessary relaparotomies, and improve treatment outcomes.
Tokhirov Sheroz Mardonkulovich, Mustafakulov Ishnazar Boynazarovich, Djuraeva Zilola Aramovna
QORIN OLD DEVORI QON TOMIRLARINING TOPOGRAFIK JOYLASHUVI VA ULARNING XIRURGIK AMALIYOTDAGI AHAMIYATI
Qorin old devori qon tomirlarining topografik joylashuvi xirurgik amaliyotda muhim ahamiyatga ega bo‘lib, turli xil operativ aralashuvlar vaqtida qon ketish asoratlarini oldini olishda asosiy omillardan biri hisoblanadi. Ushbu maqolada qorin old devorining yuzaki va chuqur qon tomirlari, jumladan, epigastrik arteriyalar va ularning anatomik variantlari topografik-anatomik jihatdan tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot davomida qon tomirlarning mushak va fastsiya qatlamlariga nisbatan joylashuvi, ularning individual anatomik o‘zgaruvchanligi hamda operativ kesmalar bilan o‘zaro munosabatlari o‘rganiladi. Olingan natijalar qorin bo‘shlig‘iga kirish yo‘llarini ilmiy asosda tanlash, laparoskopik va ochiq operatsiyalar davomida tomir shikastlanishlarini kamaytirish hamda operatsiyadan keyingi asoratlar xavfini pasaytirishga xizmat qiladi. Mazkur tadqiqot natijalari amaliy xirurgiya va operativ anatomiyani o‘qitish jarayonida ham qo‘llanishi mumkin.
BO‘YINNING ASOSIY NERV VA QON TOMIRLARINING TOPOGRAFIK MUNOSABATLARI VA OPERATIV KIRISH YO‘LLARINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH
Ushbu ilmiy maqolada bo‘yinning asosiy nerv va qon tomirlarining topografik-anatomik munosabatlari chuqur tahlil qilinib, ularning klinik va jarrohlik amaliyotidagi ahamiyati yoritilgan. Tadqiqot davomida bo‘yin sohasidagi yirik qon tomirlari (umumiy uyqu arteriyasi, ichki va tashqi uyqu arteriyalari, bo‘yin venalari) hamda asosiy nerv tuzilmalari (nervus vagus, nervus hypoglossus, bo‘yin simpatik poyasi)ning o‘zaro joylashuvi va individual anatomik o‘zgaruvchanligi o‘rganildi. Olingan natijalar asosida bo‘yin sohasiga operativ kirish yo‘llarini takomillashtirish, jarrohlik aralashuvlarida asoratlar xavfini kamaytirish hamda nerv va qon tomirlarining shikastlanishining oldini olishga qaratilgan amaliy tavsiyalar ishlab chiqildi. Tadqiqot natijalari jarrohlik, anatomik va klinik fanlar uchun muhim ilmiy-amaliy ahamiyatga ega.
КОГНИТИВНАЯ РЕАБИЛИТАЦИЯ ПОСЛЕ НЕЙРОХИРУРГИЧЕСКОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ПЕРВИЧНЫХ ОПУХОЛЕЙ ГОЛОВНОГО МОЗГА: КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ОГРАНИЧЕНИЯ И ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ЦИФРОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ
Когнитивные нарушения являются частым и клинически значимым последствием нейрохирургического лечения первичных опухолей головного мозга, особенно у пациентов с менингиомами и глиомами низкой степени злокачественности. Несмотря на удовлетворительный онкологический и неврологический прогноз, многие пациенты в отдалённом послеоперационном периоде сталкиваются с когнитивной утомляемостью, снижением внимания, нарушениями исполнительных функций и трудностями профессиональной реинтеграции. В последние годы возрастающий интерес вызывает использование цифровых и eHealth-технологий в когнитивной реабилитации, потенциально расширяющих доступ к специализированной помощи. Настоящая работа посвящена клиническому анализу эффективности и ограничений раннего применения eHealth-программ когнитивной реабилитации после нейрохирургического лечения первичных опухолей головного мозга. На основе данных клинических исследований и собственных наблюдений обсуждаются особенности отбора пациентов, временные аспекты начала реабилитации, различия между объективными и субъективными когнитивными показателями, а также практические ограничения внедрения цифровых вмешательств в условиях нейрохирургического стационара. Сделан вывод о целесообразности дифференцированного, пациент-ориентированного подхода к когнитивной реабилитации с учётом клинического контекста и индивидуальных потребностей пациента.
ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ИСХОДЫ СТАЦИОНАРНОЙ НЕЙРОРЕАБИЛИТАЦИИ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ПЕРВИЧНЫМИ ОПУХОЛЯМИ ГОЛОВНОГО МОЗГА: КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ ВЗГЛЯД ИЗ ПРАКТИКИ МНОГОПРОФИЛЬНОГО СТАЦИОНАРА
Введение. Улучшение выживаемости пациентов с первичными опухолями головного мозга привело к росту числа больных с выраженными и стойкими функциональными нарушениями. В клинической практике многопрофильных стационаров вопросы реабилитации нередко остаются вторичными по отношению к онкологическому лечению, что ограничивает потенциал функционального восстановления и социальной адаптации пациентов. Цель. Оценить функциональные исходы стационарной нейрореабилитации у пациентов с первичными опухолями головного мозга с позиций реальной клинической практики, с учётом маршрута пациента и организационных ограничений. Материалы и методы. Проведён клинически ориентированный анализ пациентов с первичными опухолями головного мозга, проходивших курс стационарной реабилитации после нейрохирургического и/или комбинированного лечения. Функциональное состояние оценивалось при поступлении и при выписке с использованием шкалы Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Анализ включал клинические наблюдения, динамику функционального статуса и длительность пребывания в реабилитационном отделении. Результаты. В большинстве случаев отмечалось клинически значимое улучшение функционального статуса к моменту выписки. Выраженность функционального прироста в меньшей степени зависела от гистологического типа и локализации опухоли и в большей — от исходного уровня функциональной независимости и сроков начала реабилитации. Пациенты с более высоким функциональным статусом при поступлении, как правило, требовали меньшей продолжительности стационарной реабилитации. Заключение. Стационарная нейрореабилитация является важным компонентом лечения пациентов с первичными опухолями головного мозга и способствует улучшению функциональных исходов независимо от онкологических характеристик опухоли. Интеграция реабилитации в ранние этапы маршрута пациента представляется клинически оправданной и требует дальнейшего развития в условиях многопрофильных стационаров.
PARRANDALARDA EYMERIOZGA QARSHI VAKSINALAR VA ANTIKOKSIDIAL DORILARNING SAMARADORLIGI
Ushbu maqolada parrandachilik xo‘jaliklarida keng tarqalgan eymerioz (koksidioz) kasalligiga qarshi kurashning zamonaviy usullari, xususan vaksinalar va antikoksidial dorilarning samaradorligi, afzalliklari hamda cheklovlari batafsil tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqotda ionofor va kimyoviy antikoksidial preparatlarning ta’sir mexanizmi, ulardan foydalanish strategiyalari, parazitlarda doriga chidamlilik (rezistentlik) shakllanishi va bu jarayonning global miqyosdagi oqibatlari ilmiy manbalar asosida yoritilgan.
Avezimbetov Shavkat Do‘simbetovich, Khojamuratova Azada Yakupbay qizi
PARRANDALAR EYMERIOZINING TARQALISHI VA PATOLOGO-ANATOMIK TASHXISI
Ushbu maqolada parrandalarda keng tarqalgan protozoy kasallik — eymeriozning epizootik ahamiyati, tarqalish omillari, klinik belgilari hamda patolоgoanatomik tashhisining ilmiy tahlili keltirilgan. O‘rganish natijalari эймериозni erta aniqlash, oldini olish va samarali davolash chora-tadbirlarini ishlab chiqishda muhim ilmiy-amaliy ahamiyatga ega.
BALIQLARNING PSEVDOMONOZI (Adabiyotlar tahlili)
Ushbu maqolada sun’iy havzalarda yetishtiriladigan karp baliqlarida psevdomonozning epizootologiyasi, tashxisi, klinik belgilar hamda davolash va oldini olosh usullari bo‘yicha ilmiy manbalar umumlashtirilgan.
KASALLANGAN BALIQLARNI TEKSHIRISH USULLARI
Mazkur maqolada baliqlarni organoleptik va gelmintologik tekshirish usullari batafsil yoritilgan. Tadqiqot jarayonida tashqi ko‘rik, jabra apparati, ko‘z, ichki a’zolar, mushak to‘qimalari hamda markaziy nerv tizimini tekshirish metodlari qo‘llanildi. Parazitlarni aniqlashda kompressor usuli, mikroskopik kuzatuv va konservatsiya texnikalari tavsiflandi. Gelmintlarni aniqlash, sanash (ekstensivlik va intensivlik ko‘rsatkichlari), ularni fiksatsiya va saqlash qoidalari ilmiy asosda bayon etildi. Mazkur metodika baliqlarning parazitofaunasini aniqlash va epizootologik holatini baholashda muhim ahamiyatga ega.
MAHALLIY IQLIM SHAROITLARIDA ASALARILAR INVAZION KASALLIKLARINING YASHIRIN SHAKLLARINI ERTA ANIQLASHDA ZAMONAVIY DIAGNOSTIK YONDASHUVLAR
Ushbu maqolada mahalliy iqlim sharoitlarida asalarilar (Apis mellifera L.) invazion kasalliklarining yashirin (subklinik) shakllarini erta aniqlashda zamonaviy diagnostik yondashuvlarning ahamiyati yoritilgan. Tadqiqot asosan Varroa destructor kanasi va Nosema spp. mikrosporidiyalarining past invazion darajada kechuvchi holatlarini aniqlash muammolariga qaratilgan. Ilmiy adabiyotlar tahlili shuni ko‘rsatadiki, an’anaviy mikroskopik diagnostika usullari subklinik invaziyalarni aniqlashda yetarli sezgirlikka ega emas. Shu bois molekulyar diagnostika usullari, xususan real vaqtli polimeraza zanjir reaksiyasi yordamida patogenlarning DNK/RNA darajasida aniqlanishi erta tashxis imkoniyatlarini sezilarli darajada kengaytiradi. Maqolada zamonaviy diagnostik metodlarning afzalliklari, ularning cheklovlari hamda mahalliy iqlim sharoitlarida qo‘llash imkoniyatlari muhokama qilingan. Olingan tahlillar invazion kasalliklarni erta aniqlash va asalarilar sog‘lig‘ini monitoring qilishda integratsiyalashgan diagnostik yondashuvlarni joriy etish zarurligini ko‘rsatadi. Tadqiqot natijalari asalarichilikda profilaktik chora-tadbirlarni takomillashtirish va koloniyalar barqarorligini ta’minlash uchun ilmiy-amaliy ahamiyatga ega.
PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECT OF THE PREPARATION E-SELENE IN PATHOLOGIES OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF COWS
This article highlights the pharmacological effect of the E-selen preparation in the treatment and prevention of reproductive system pathologies in cows. Studies substantiate the improvement of the functioning of the reproductive organs as a result of the antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and metabolic-activating properties of vitamin E and selenium. It has been shown that the use of the drug E-selen contributes to the reduction of postpartum complications - subinvolution of the uterus, endometritis, placental prolapse, and functional disorders of the ovaries. The drug has a positive effect on the normalization of the estrous cycle in cows, an increase in fertility, and a decrease in infertility. The obtained data confirm the expediency of the widespread use of the drug E-selenium for preventive and therapeutic purposes in livestock farms.
PHARMACOLOGY AND CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF PENSTREP 400 ON CATTLE
This article describes the pharmacological properties of Penstrep 400 and its chemotherapeutic effect in the treatment of infectious diseases in cattle. The combination of penicillin and streptomycin antibiotics, which are part of the preparation, has a wide spectrum of action and exhibits high bactericidal effectiveness against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. The absorption, distribution, and excretion of Penstrep 400 in the body, as well as its ability to maintain therapeutic concentration for a long time, were analyzed. The results of the study showed the effectiveness of the drug in the treatment of infections of the respiratory tract, digestive system, genitourinary organs, and mammary glands.
ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ЛЕЧЕБНЫХ И ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ РАСТЕНИЯ ИЗ РОДА FERULA L. В НАРОДНОМ МЕДИЦИНЕ И В ВЕТЕРИНАРИИ
В данной статье представлен анализ литературных данных о видах растений, относящихся к роду Ferula L., произрастающих в пустынных, полупустынных, предгорных и горных районах Узбекистана, их распространении, ботаническом описании, химическом составе и лекарственных свойствах.
А.С.Даминов, К.Х.Уроков, И.Х.Райимкулов, Г.Г.Джабборов, З.А.Алибоев, Г.С.Эшонкулова